New International Student Arrivals in Canada Hit a Record Low

Recenty media reporting says that IRCC framed the decline as evidence that recent controls are “working.”

IRCC’s own public reporting uses the same message, calling the drop “a clear sign that the measures we’ve put in place are working,” and tying it to the government’s broader effort to bring temporary resident numbers down to more sustainable levels.

This article breaks down what the numbers actually measure, why the decline happened so fast, and what policy levers did the most damage to new arrivals.

What the IRCC “arrivals” numbers actually measure

Before you compare November 2025 to December 2023, you need to understand what IRCC is counting.

IRCC’s “new student arrivals to Canada” metric is not a border entry count. It is a permit issuance count.

IRCC explains that it counts arrivals “based on the number of people issued study or work permits in that month.”

If someone is issued both a study permit and a work permit in the same month, they are counted under the study permit group.

That definition matters because it clarifies three big misconceptions:

• These numbers measure issuance activity (approvals that became permits in a month), not airport arrivals.
• Extensions are excluded, because extensions are not new arrivals.
• The metric is designed to reflect “new pressures” on housing and services, not the total number of students already living in Canada.

IRCC also states that student arrivals data excludes asylum claimants and permit extensions.

So when people say “arrivals plunged,” what they really mean is “the monthly number of people newly issued study permits plunged.”

That change is why the “97% drop” phrasing is spreading: 2,485 is roughly 2.6% of 95,320.

But the same table shows this is not a one-month anomaly. It is a sustained compression across multiple intake cycles.

Here are the other trend-defining months IRCC highlights in its own dataset:

• August 2024: 79,745 new students
• August 2025: 45,065 new students

That August comparison matters because August is traditionally the biggest arrival month ahead of the fall semester, which IRCC explicitly notes in its commentary.

IRCC also quantifies the overall year-over-year shift:

• Across all new students and workers combined, IRCC reports 52% fewer arrivals between January and November 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, down 334,845.
• For students specifically, IRCC reports 60% fewer new students arrived between January and November 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, down 157,380.

If you want a quick visual reference for the student side of the story, this simplified table uses the exact IRCC monthly points that are driving the coverage:

Month	New student arrivals	Why it matters
Dec 2023	95,320	Highest month in the two-year window
Aug 2024	79,745	Peak fall-intake month before the full cap system tightened
Aug 2025	45,065	Peak month after restrictions, shows structural shrinkage
Nov 2025	2,485	One of the lowest monthly counts, drives the “97%” headline

Why the “97%” figure is real but still needs context

The number is real, but the interpretation can mislead readers if you do not add context.

December is not a normal month

IRCC itself notes there are seasonal spikes in December and August because study permits are issued ahead of winter and fall semesters.

So comparing November 2025 to December 2023 will always exaggerate the perceived collapse because you are comparing a trough month to a peak month.

That said, the broader pattern still confirms a structural decline:

• peak months fell dramatically (August 2025 vs August 2024)
• non-peak months fell even harder (fall 2025 issuance)
• the January-to-November 2025 totals are far below 2024, and IRCC quantifies that decline at 60% for student arrivals

The accurate takeaway is not “students disappeared.”

It is “Canada’s issuance funnel has been tightened so aggressively that even peak intake months are now far below prior-year norms.”

Why the drop happened so quickly?

Canada did not “accidentally” reduce new student permits. It was an explicit policy goal.

The fastest way to understand the speed of the decline is to view it as a funnel problem.

Canada tightened the funnel in multiple places at once:

• fewer applications allowed into processing under the cap
• new gatekeeping documents (PAL/TAL) that can cause applications to be returned
• higher financial thresholds that disqualify more applicants
• stronger fraud controls that increase refusal risk for weak files
• work-rule normalization that reduces the “work-first” incentive for some applicants

IRCC’s own public messaging makes the objective clear: reducing the temporary population, easing pressure on housing and services, and moving the system back to “sustainability.”

That is the macro objective. Now here is what actually did the heavy lifting.

Once the cap was introduced, most applicants were required to include a provincial attestation letter (PAL) or territorial attestation letter (TAL) issued by the province or territory where they plan to study.

This is not a minor administrative change.

A missing PAL/TAL can result in an application being returned rather than processed, which directly suppresses monthly issuance numbers because fewer applications make it to approval and permit issuance.

IRCC also confirms that in 2025 the PAL/TAL requirement extended to master’s and doctoral students and most applicants applying from within Canada, with reserved spaces for graduate students in the cap framework.

• 155,000 to newly arriving international students
• 253,000 extensions for current and returning students

Those numbers matter because they show the program has been structurally resized. IRCC also states the 2026 issuance target is 7% lower than the 2025 target of 437,000 and 16% lower than the 2024 target of 485,000.

Major 2026 change: graduate students at public DLIs become PAL/TAL-exempt

IRCC also announced that as of January 1, 2026, master’s and doctoral students enrolled at a public designated learning institution will not need to submit a PAL/TAL.

This is a targeted exemption, not a rollback of the cap. IRCC is still running a capped system, but it is trying to protect specific cohorts it views as high-value for research and innovation.

Fraud controls and LOA verification tightened approvals

The second major lever is integrity.

IRCC has repeatedly flagged letter-of-acceptance fraud and exploitation as a driver of reform.

IRCC implemented a system to verify letters of acceptance from post-secondary designated learning institutions and states that LOA verification has been mandatory since December 1, 2023.

That timing matters. December 2023 is also the last “peak month” before the full weight of the cap-era controls appears in the data.

In practice, mandatory LOA verification changes risk profiles:

• weaker files that rely on questionable agents or non-genuine schools become easier to screen out
• schools face higher compliance pressure because their acceptance letters are part of an integrity chain
• refusal rates rise in markets where fraudulent documentation was common, because verification reduces the number of approvals that would have slipped through previously

The result is not just fewer applications. It is fewer approvals turning into permits, which directly drives down monthly “new arrivals” in IRCC’s measurement.

What this means for Canadian colleges and universities

International tuition has been a structural financing pillar for many institutions, especially in high-growth college systems.

When new student inflows fall sharply, the impact shows up fast:

• fewer first-year international tuition payments
• under-filled residence and housing partnerships tied to international demand
• program viability issues in departments built around large cohorts
• staffing pressure and budget cuts

A recent Global Enrolment Benchmark Survey coverage noted that declines were especially severe in Canada, and highlighted that 60% of universities anticipated budget cuts and 50% expected staffing reductions in the next year.

At the program level, the same reporting shows Canada experiencing some of the sharpest enrollment declines compared to peer destination markets, with significant drops at the bachelor’s and master’s levels.

This is why the debate is not just immigration politics. It is also a post-secondary funding story.

What this means for housing, services, and local economies

Ottawa’s stated rationale for the cap was pressure on housing, health care, and services.

Reuters summarized that the cap was introduced after rapid population growth was seen as aggravating a housing shortage and increasing pressure on public services.

From a local market perspective, the effects are uneven:

• cities with large private-college footprints are seeing faster rental softness as student numbers drop
• university cities with diversified housing markets often see less immediate relief, especially when population growth is still driven by other migration channels
• landlords who built business models around dense student rentals are now facing higher vacancy risk during intake seasons

The main point for readers is that “student cap” is not only an immigration measure. It is also a housing and infrastructure policy lever.

This does not mean Canada is “closing the door.” It means the pathway is becoming more selective, more document-driven, and more closely tied to program integrity.

The IRCC monthly arrivals data shows a dramatic collapse in new study permit issuances from the December 2023 peak to the November 2025 trough, and the pattern holds even in the traditional peak intake month of August.

The reason is not one single policy. It is a layered funnel: the cap limits what gets processed, PAL/TAL controls who can apply under the cap, and LOA verification tightens integrity screening reinforces that study permits are not meant to function as a work-first entry channel.

For students, the message is straightforward.

Canada is still a major destination, but the successful applicant profile in 2026 is more selective, more financially prepared, and far more exposed to documentation and credibility checks than it was during the growth years.

If you plan properly, choose the right institution, and build a file that can survive this new scrutiny, Canada is still welcoming you.

If you treat it like a volume-driven shortcut, the system is now designed to filter you out.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

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What caused the decline in international student arrivals in Canada?

Canada experienced a significant decline in new international student arrivals, with only 2,485 study permits issued in November 2025, a 97% drop from the peak of 95,320 in December 2023. This decline is attributed to the IRCC’s recent measures aimed at controlling temporary resident numbers, including tightened fraud controls and verification processes for Letters of Acceptance. The impact of this decrease poses challenges for Canadian colleges, universities, and local economies as they adjust to reduced international student numbers.

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What caused the decline in international student arrivals in Canada?

Canada experienced a significant 97% decline in new study permits issued to international students, dropping from 95,320 in December 2023 to only 2,485 in November 2025. This decrease, framed by the IRCC as a result of effective immigration controls, reflects a reduction in permit issuance rather than actual student presence. The term ‘new student arrivals’ pertains specifically to permits issued and does not account for extensions or asylum claimants. The decline is attributed to tightened fraud controls and enhanced verification processes for Letters of Acceptance.

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What are the work requirements for international employment?

Source: immigrationnewscanada.ca